Phreatobius cisternarum Totally Explained

Everything about Phreatobius Cisternarum totally explained

Phreatobius cisternarum is the only species of catfish in the genus Phreatobius. It has proved problematic in its classification, which remains uncertain. This fish species and genus were redescribed in 2005. Despite being the only member of this genus, other undescribed species are known to exist. In a 2007 paper, Phreatobius wasn't classified under any current catfish families.

Distribution and habitat

P. cisternarum is found in Brazil. They inhabit underground habitats both north and south of the mouth of the Amazon River as well as the Marajó Island. Phreatobius walkeri, a nomen nudum, is provided by the Guinness Book of World Records, to describe this fish that stays on land for extended periods of time.

Physical characteristics

This small fish reaches a maximum length of 5.5 centimetres (2.2 in). There is great variation between members of this species.
The head of this species is distinctly wider than the body. The integument is thick and opaque. These fish are not a burrowing species, nor do they hide under vegetative matter, restricting themselves to these crevices. They don't interact much with each other and don't seem to be gregarious. Nothing is known about the reproductive habits of this species. P. cisternarum feed on macro-invertebrates such as worms. They either swallow their prey whole, or take a bite out of it, rolling their body, and twisting a piece off. This firm grip is due to extremely large jaw muscles, which are well adapted to feeding on relatively large prey; worms eaten in captivity can be as long as the fish itself. It is unknown what invertebrates P. cisternarum actually feeds on in its natural habitat. Becauses food is rare in their environment, these fish are able to last up to a year without feeding, which is partially because of their inactivity. These fish indicate they've some form of respiration that allows them to breathe air, however this behavior is only exhibited under stressful conditions. It is supposed that these fish also have a form of cutaneous respiration, as they're small, live in conditions with low dissolved oxygen, and have high blood circulation to their skin (which provides its red coloration).Further Information

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